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We've already seen how DNS rebinding, combined with implicit same-network trust, can lead Google Home and Chromecast devices to disclose your physical location to an attacker.
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He can reach out from the browser on your PC to other devices on your network and start telling them what to do. If your home network happens to use an address range containing that private IP address, as mine does, then commands coming from the browser that Boris' malicious ad is displayed on will be seen by other devices on your home network as trustworthy.įor all intents and purposes, Boris is now inside your network. That's a private IP address that no websites actually use. But after a little while, it will change its tune and tell your browser that is at, say, 172.16.42.10. When it loads in your browser, it calls out for a DNS request for that URL, and that request leads Boris's own DNS server.Īt first, Boris's DNS server will tell your browser 's real IP address.
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The DNS server tells your browser that is at the IP address 52.22.5.243, and your browser uses your network connection to take you there.īut Boris is smart, and Boris's malicious ad contains a small bit of code that calls out to his own website,. DNS servers are meant to be the phone books of the internet - when you type in a web address (a URL) such as, your browser asks a DNS server where it should go. Say Boris Badenov the Russian cybercriminal sets up a rogue DNS server. To paraphrase the old horror-movie trope, the call is coming from inside the house. That's an old technique to bypass network firewalls by spoofing IP addresses so that commands can appear to come from within the home network. It's also waiting for UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) commands from other devices on my home network, such as computers or smartphones, and it will carry out such commands without authentication.Īs such, the smart TV is probably the most vulnerable networked device in my house, which is one reason I keep it on my "guest" Wi-Fi network instead of the network where the primary PCs and printers hang out.Ī malicious website, or even a malicious web ad that anyone can buy ad space for, can take advantage of this implicit trust with DNS binding. My TV doesn't run a web server, but it does have two other kinds of servers running on high-numbered network ports. "If we continue to believe it, people are going to get hurt." "The idea that the local network is a safe haven is a fallacy," Dorsey said in his blog posting. The TiVo runs a web server of its own (common among smart-home devices), which I can view at - as long as I'm on the same Wi-Fi network.
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For example, the Chromecast will let itself be controlled by any Android smartphone on the same network, no questions asked. Most of these devices can talk to each other.
Other devices also appear on the network. There's no request for authorization, such as with a password, because smart-home device makers assume (or pass the buck, if looked at another way) that the network itself is secure and behind a firewall.Ī home or enterprise Wi-Fi network will generally put all its devices on one of three "private" Internet Protocol (IP) address ranges, which are 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255, 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 and 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255, respectively.įor example, the Windows laptop I'm typing this on currently has an internal IP address of 172.16.42.15, and my home Wi-Fi router's internal address is 172.16.42.1. The problem exists because many smart-home devices, including smart TVs, cable boxes and appliances, implicitly trust requests coming from other devices on the same internal network. It takes a while to find everything, and so far it's configured to only detect Google Home/Chromecast, Sonos, Radio Thermostat, Philips Hue and Roku devices, but it's likely that more will be added soon. However, Dorsey believes that these known vulnerable devices may just be the tip of the iceberg.ĭorsey has put up a website with which you can detect vulnerable devices at. Sonos and Roku are also working on fixes.
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Google is already working on a patch for Google Home and Chromecast devices, but it won't be ready until sometime in July.
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(We'll explain how that works below.) You'll have to change your router's settings so that it uses OpenDNS's Domain Name System (DNS) servers, but the OpenDNS site has instructions on how to do that. To protect yourself from DNS rebinding attacks, Dorsey recommended the free OpenDNS Home service, which can filter out "external" communications from private IP address ranges that are set aside for internal network use.
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